An economic approach of sustainable consumption involves a discussion on how some environmental dimensions may be included in consumers' preferences and how they can contribute to change consumers' behaviours. The purpose of this article is to show that an evolutionary approach to consumption can bring new insights on the issue of sustainable consumption, and more particularly, on the factors of change and inertia in patterns of consumption. By explaining the presence of potential habits and routines in daily consumption, such an evolutionary approach can shed light on dispositions, motivations and permanent gap between intention and acts in daily consumption behaviours. Two types of potential changes may be triggered in consumption patterns: minor or individual changes in consumers' habits and/or radical and structural changes in patterns of consumption. These different types of changes can be viewed as two versions of sustainable consumption i.e. weak and strong sustainable consumption. We use this distinction to focus on the behavioural changes and on the learning mechanisms bound up respectively with weak and strong sustainable consumption. Our aim is to see the diverse implications of sustainable consumption at various levels of economic activities (mirco, meso, macro) and to identify the levers to change consumers' habits and routines.