Biotechnology has been perceived as a technological opportunity for healthcare, in order to improve products and reduce costs. This paper is an advance of the thesis research work about the technological and institutional path followed by the Brazilian biotech industry in the field of human health. I analyze the logical basis of the biotech’s public policies regarded the *expected path* of biotech industry development. The expression *expected path *refers to the developed countries’ experiences, as an ideal type, which allows a stylized comparison of the technological and institutional paths. Several works shows that – in the developed countries- the bio-molecular revolution was a milestone in the transformation of the cognitive bases as well as in the change of industrial structures. This was the result of a co-evolution in economic, institutional and technological spheres, deeply supported by public policies for innovation, which are embedded in a general framework of state policies. Otherwise, Brazilian public policies are following a cumulative path, but with erratic definitions about the policy instruments and the expected results. This work identifies the boundaries of the policy intervention, regarding the agents’ behavior, the governance problems and the coordination with the productive and macro economic policies.