Science, Engineering and People with a Mission: Danish Wind Energy in Context 1891 - 2010
Jørgen Lindgaard Pedersen
Last modified: 2010-06-05
Abstract
Danish wind turbine development started in 1891 with establishment of a wind turbine for production of electricity for a folk high school and the local village community. The dominant figure was Poul La Cour, a physicist and meteorologist with a strong social and political consciousness. He made a well functioning architecture of the turbine, some important contributions to design of the blades and separation of water in oxygen and hydrogen as a method to have a stock of energy. The bottleneck for development was in science. A new theory of aerodynamics contributed to creating a new platform for development. During the period 1891 – 1918 the wind electricity was of importance especially in rural areas in Jutland where the wind is strong. During the period 1918 -1976 alternate current was introduced in Danish electricity production and distribution also in rural areas and it resulted in a near death for wind energy. But still we have three important technical innovations – the Agricco turbine, the F.L.Smidth turbine and the Gedser turbine. Only during Second World War there was a strong demand for wind turbines. Finally in the period 1976-2010 we have a continuous technological innovation period characterized first of all in growth in effect of turbines from 10-15 kW to 5-6 MW, clustering the turbines in wind parks onshore and today offshore. It is a very important techno-organizational innovation that with the Tvind turbine built as a 2 MW turbine 1975-78 a new concept called the component concept, where important modules could be bought from independent suppliers, was established. It was not only profit which drove the development. Resistance against a powerful industrial and political lobby was fuel for the first years after the First Energy Crisis 1973-74. The Tvind turbine is a strong case of that. Still that turbine was one of the decisive technical innovations.
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