The aim of this paper is to discuss the co-evolution between agricultural biotechnology and biosafety process. This rapid diffusion process has occurred in parallel with a high transaction cost process of regulation, combining local, territorial, national and supranational evolution of rules and norms involving public sector, private representatives and other  stakeholders. An essay to develop an interpretation of the regulatory process is carried out in the section 4, the core of the paper. In the same section Brazilian case is  presented. The country is simultaneously looking forward to the promotion of agribusiness competitiveness, preserve biodiversity and avoid bio-piracy, generating a complex framework. The results of empirical studies are summarized in the paper. One of the them is related to compliance costs of Cartagena Protocol on soybean agriculture. The main finding is that the demand of full segregation in not viable, once it implies costs that are not affordable by Center-West growers, one of the most important regions of soybean crop in Brazil. Other study is based on a typology of stakeholders based on their position in the regulation process. Once a typology is defined,  the next step is to identify the critical factors explaining their behavior.. A multicriteria analysis is used to characterize the processes associated to the evolution of  agricultural biotechnology and to the improvement of biosafety assessment methods. Finally, is the aim of the paper to  define the  friction and convergence zones  between those groups, using clustering procedures.